{"id":2885,"date":"2025-05-11T18:58:47","date_gmt":"2025-05-11T16:58:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/?page_id=2885"},"modified":"2025-06-22T23:41:38","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T21:41:38","slug":"irrigation-and-drainage-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/irrigation-and-drainage-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00a0<\/p>

The Drainage Research Institute (DRI), one of the research branches of Egypt\u2019s National Water Research Center (NWRC), focuses on land drainage, a critical component of agricultural water management that is as important as irrigation. While irrigation supplies water to crops, drainage removes excess surface and subsurface water to prevent waterlogging, manage soil salinity, and promote healthy root development. According to the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), land drainage also involves the removal of salts to enhance crop growth.<\/p>

Drainage systems improve soil aeration, temperature, and field access, helping to maintain productivity and prevent land degradation. There are various types of drainage systems: surface (e.g., open ditches) and subsurface (e.g., buried pipes). Specialized methods include vertical drainage with wells, bio-drainage with plants, and controlled drainage for water table management. In Egypt, modern subsurface drainage systems using plastic tubes and synthetic materials have replaced traditional techniques.<\/p>

Designing effective systems requires understanding factors like soil type, water table depth, irrigation methods, and crop patterns. Models such as DRAINMOD-S help determine optimal designs by simulating crop responses to moisture and salinity.<\/p>

Environmental and economic aspects are also critical, including assessing the impacts of drainage water and optimizing cost-effective solutions. Field data collection supports decision-making for system improvements. Overall, drainage research is essential for sustaining agricultural productivity and protecting natural resources, especially in irrigation-dependent countries like Egypt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Irrigation and Drainage System The Water Management Research Institute (WMRI) is one of the research branches of the National Water Research Center (NWRC) in Egypt, dedicated to improving water resource management through applied research and field studies that address challenges related to water scarcity and climate change. The institute primarily focuses on enhancing water use […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2885","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"ramy","author_link":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/author\/ramy\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Irrigation and Drainage System The Water Management Research Institute (WMRI) is one of the research branches of the National Water Research Center (NWRC) in Egypt, dedicated to improving water resource management through applied research and field studies that address challenges related to water scarcity and climate change. The institute primarily focuses on enhancing water use…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2885"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4644,"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2885\/revisions\/4644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwrc.gov.eg\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}