This high-level panel discussion, Science-Based Cooperation for Shared Waters, explores how science, knowledge exchange, and institutional cooperation can strengthen transboundary water governance across Africa and the Arab region. Building on the work of the UNESCO Chair on Transboundary Water Management and Governance at the National Water Research Center (NWRC), Egypt, the session will bring together ministers, UNESCO partners, scientific institutions, basin organizations, and regional stakeholders to advance dialogue on practical pathways for cooperation and capacity development. The discussion introduces the concept of Hydro-Diplomacy 2.0, a forward-looking approach that promotes the transition from managing tensions around shared waters to enabling joint planning through science-based decision-making, trusted knowledge, digital innovation, institutional dialogue, and inclusive capacity development. Particular attention will be given to strengthening science-policy interfaces and fostering collaboration between Arab and African institutions facing shared water challenges. Through ministerial perspectives and expert dialogue, the panel will examine the capacities required for effective water diplomacy, the role of data and emerging technologies in supporting cooperation, and opportunities for regional learning and partnership. The session aims to identify priority areas for future training, knowledge exchange, and collaborative initiatives that contribute to water security, peace, resilience, and sustainable development across transboundary water resources.